Everything you need to know about rice.

Rice is a staple in diets all over the world and with good reason, its countless varieties make it an incredibly versatile ingredient, with each type having their own taste, appearance, texture and most importantly nutritional make-ups.

Across the world there are over forty thousand varieties of rice being cultivated, so for now we will focus on the most popular types of rice, how to cook them and their health benefits.

In most cases rice can be assigned one of three categories, long grain, short grain or medium grain. As its name suggests, short grain rice is typically smaller and rounder with a starchier texture, making it ideal for rice puddings or sushi. 

Long grain rice on the other hand is longer and thinner, with a fluffier texture, making it well suited for more general recipes. Finally as expected, medium grain rice fits in between long and short grain, it has a slightly sticky starchy texture like short grain rice, but is shaped more like long grain rice, making it a great ingredient for savoury creamy dishes, like paella or risotto.v

Generic long grain white rice is rice that has had its husk, bran and germ removed, this makes it more easily digestible and provides it with its signature almost shiny white colour. White rice has a very neutral flavour which makes it a great base for building a meal around without overwhelming any other ingredients. However, as white rice has had its bran and germ removed it is less nutritionally well rounded than brown rice, so it is important to balance it with nutritionally complete ingredients. That is not to say that white rice isn’t healthy in its own right, it is still a good source of easily digestible carbohydrates, and if you buy enriched white rice then it can be a good way to increase your vitamin B and iron intake. While it can vary from brand to brand, generally speaking, when cooking white rice follow the ratio of 1 cup of rice to 2 cups of water.

Unlike white rice, brown rice still has its bran and germ intact, this allows it to retain its fibre, making it slightly harder to digest but much more nutritionally complete. As well as having more fibre, brown rice also provides a lot more magnesium, iron and b vitamins than generic white rice would. Being nutritionally dense is not the only reason to opt for brown rather than white rice, it also has a lower glycaemic index. The glycaemic index is a way of categorising how quickly carbohydrates raise blood sugar levels, so generally speaking the lower a food's glycaemic index is, the better it is for both energy release and heart health. 

The nutritional power of brown rice is the primary reason for its massive popularity, but its slightly nutty taste and chewy texture makes it much less versatile than white rice, and its cooking time is often longer. 

Both Jasmine and Basmati rice are incredibly popular long-grained and aromatic and white, but their textures and subtle differences in flavour give them very different uses. Basmati rice originates from south asia, and is most commonly used in indian and pakistani cuisines. The rich nutty flavour of basmati rice makes it a great accompaniment to intense spices, and its firm yet fluffy texture goes perfectly with creamy curries and dals. On the other hand, jasmine rice hails from thailand and cambodia, and it has a much more delicate almost floral flavour, and a sticky clumpy texture. It is in this sticky texture that jasmine rice really sets itself apart from other white rices, and is what makes it so well suited to east asian cuisine.

 Basmati rice has a marginally lower glycaemic index, and contains slightly more fibre making it a little bit healthier than jasmine rice overall, but it is best to use each rice according to the meal you are cooking unless you are purely focusing on their health benefits. It is also important to note that jasmine and basmati rice have different cooking instructions, as basmati rice is hardier it requires soaking before it is cooked, and often needs to be cooked for longer than jasmine rice.

Wild rice is a type of grass originating from north america, where it was a staple part of native american diets for centuries. Much like generic brown rice, wild rice has a chewy texture and a very rich earthy taste, but it also has the benefit of being incredibly nutritionally balanced. Rich in protein, with a middling glycaemic index, and an abundance of antioxidants, wild rice is arguably more nutritionally well rounded than the majority of traditional rices. As wild rice is so chewy it can be a great help in making any meal more filling, particularly stews and soups but also as a stuffing for vegetables or meats.

The two golden rules for cooking rice:

● It is always best to thoroughly wash your rice before you cook it, not just to remove any unwanted debris but also to remove excess starch. Excess starch is often what gives rice an unpleasant sludge-like texture which can derail an entire meal.

 ● Different ratios of water to rice can drastically alter the texture of your rice, for example when cooking white rice, a ratio of 2:1 (liquid to rice) will produce a softer rice, whereas a ratio of 1:1 will produce a tougher chewier final result.

Once you understand the advantages and disadvantages of different types of rice, as well as their unique textures and flavour profiles, cooking with rice becomes significantly easier, and a lot more fun! Not only are there thousands of types of rice, there are also countless ways to experiment with them, so whether you’re a master chef or just looking to try new things, using different varieties of rice and cooking them in different ways is a great way to open culinary doors while staying healthy.