É tempo de abandonar o bife - Novo estudo revela os pratos com maior impacto ambiental

By: Agi Kaja3 min read
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O que come impacta o planeta mais do que pensa. Há pratos que têm uma pegada de biodiversidade especialmente grande, ou um impacto significativo na biodiversidade.

Quais são os pratos mais prejudiciais para o planeta? O bife brasileiro e o caril indiano de feijão-encarnado estão entre aqueles com maior pegada de biodiversidade, segundo um estudo publicado na revista de acesso aberto PLOS ONE por cientistas da Universidade Nacional de Singapura.

As escolhas alimentares podem ter impactos ambientais significativos. Investigações anteriores começaram a recolher dados que identificam a influência de culturas específicas sobre mamíferos, aves e anfíbios. Cheng e colegas utilizaram esses dados para estimar de que forma 151 pratos populares de todo o mundo impactam a biodiversidade.

Os autores utilizaram listas de pratos populares retiradas de dois sítios web populares, padronizando cada prato para 825 kcal. Calcularam a pegada de biodiversidade de cada ingrediente dos pratos tendo em conta a riqueza, o estatuto de conservação e o território de mamíferos silvestres, aves e anfíbios nas terras agrícolas utilizadas para o produto em questão, e somaram a pegada de cada ingrediente para gerar uma pegada de biodiversidade global para cada prato. As pontuações variaram consoante o ingrediente fosse obtido local ou globalmente, e de forma industrial ou em pequena escala.

Os vinte pratos com as maiores pegadas de biodiversidade incluíam:

  • pratos de carne com vaca e frango: pratos brasileiros de bife (picanha, churrasco, fraldinha), salsa verde de porco e yukgaejang (um estufado coreano picante de vaca e vegetais), caldo de pollo (sopa de frango)
  • pratos veganos feitos com leguminosas e arroz: dal (sopa de lentilhas), rajma (caril de feijão-encarnado), chana masala (caril de grão-de-bico) e idli (bolo de arroz fermentado salgado).

Os pratos brasileiros de vaca e borrego também apresentavam elevados impactos na biodiversidade, devido à conversão da floresta amazónica e de outros ecossistemas diversificados em pastagens. Para os pratos veganos e vegetarianos do subcontinente indiano, o arroz e as leguminosas cultivados industrialmente tendiam a ter impactos especialmente elevados em espécies ameaçadas e em indicadores de biodiversidade do território.

Os vinte pratos com as menores pegadas de biodiversidade tendiam a ser pratos vegetarianos e veganos com alimentos ricos em amido, cereais ou batatas, como batatas fritas à francesa, chips, panquecas alemãs de batata e pães, por exemplo.

Os autores observam que não distinguiram entre a fauna capaz de sobreviver em habitats cultivados e a fauna com requisitos específicos de habitat natural — e incidiram especificamente em mamíferos, aves e anfíbios. Observam também que os pratos aqui examinados não são necessariamente representativos e se concentram em pratos de países com PIB elevado, e que a variação das receitas pode originar resultados diferentes. Independentemente disso, este estudo sublinha a importância de ingredientes específicos e de áreas de produção em termos de impacto na biodiversidade.

Os autores comentaram: "Pequenas alterações no prato que escolhemos comer e na origem dos ingredientes podem contribuir muito para prevenir a extinção de espécies. Para além da grande pegada dos pratos de vaca e borrego provenientes de países com hotspots de biodiversidade, os pratos vegetarianos de países com elevada biodiversidade e sob forte pressão humana, como a Índia, também podem ser muito prejudiciais para a biodiversidade."

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Agi Kaja
Agi Kaja
Curating a blend of nourishing recipes, practical nutrition hacks, and intentional living tips. Agi focuses on the "why" behind the products we sell — helping customers build a life that feels as good as it looks. With deep roots in nutrition and a passion for food and health, she spends her days debunking myths, cooking whole foods and highlighting the best ways to fuel a healthy life, ensuring our community stays informed, inspired, and well-fed.

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